Analysis of Risk and Burden of Dysentery Associated with Floods from 2004 to 2010 in Nanning,China

This study aimed to examine the association between floods and the morbidity of dysentery and to quantify the burden of dysentery due to floods in Nanning, China. A generalized additive mixed model was conducted to assess the relationship between monthly morbidity of dysentery and floods from 2004 to 2010. The years lived with disability (YLDs) of dysentery attributable to floods were then estimated based on the WHO framework of the burden of disease study for calculating the potential impact fraction. The relative risk (RR) of floods on the morbidity of dysentery was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–1.75). The models suggest that a potential 1-day rise in flood duration may lead to 8% (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12) increase in the morbidity of dysentery. The average attributable YLD per 1,000 of dysentery caused by floods were 0.013 in males, 0.005 in females, and 0.009 in persons. Our study confirms that floods have significantly increased the risk and the burden of dysentery in the study area. Public health action should be taken to prevent and control the potential risk of dysentery after floods. Vulnerable groups such as males and children should be paid more attention.     

改良环磷酰胺单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗原发性再生障碍性贫血患者的护理

目的 总结改良环磷酰胺单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗原发性再生障碍性贫血患者的护理经验.方法 对27例原发性再生障碍性贫血患者实施改良环磷酰胺单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗,移植前做好预处理相关毒性预防护理,移植后注重细胞因子水平监测及对皮肤、肝脏和胃肠道等受累器官的观察及护理.结果 随访347(39,678)d,27例均存活,无失败生存率96.30％.其中,急性移植物抗宿主病13例(Ⅰ级6例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级1例,Ⅳ级1例);慢性移植物抗宿主病3例.结论 改良环磷酰胺进行单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗再生障碍性贫血,患者存活时间延长,并发症减少;护理人员积极预防和处置预处理相关毒性及移植物抗宿主病等并发症是护理的重点.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗慢性活动性EB病毒感染患者的护理

目的总结异基因造血干细胞移植治疗成人慢性活动性EB病毒感染的护理经验。方法回顾性分析7例成人慢性活动性EB病毒感染患者异基因造血干细胞移植的治疗及护理方法。结果 5例患者获得完全缓解,2例死亡。结论慢性活动性EB病毒感染患者病情严重,治疗难度大且预后不佳,异基因造血干细胞移植可改善患者预后。做好患者治疗期间的情绪管理、症状管理及并发症防护是护理的关键。     

Role of macrophages in peripheral nerve injury and repair

Resident and inflammatory macrophages are essential effectors of the innate immune system. These cells provide innate immune defenses and regulate tissue and organ homeostasis. In addition to their roles in diseases such as cancer, obesity and osteoarthritis, they play vital roles in tissue repair and disease rehabilitation. Macrophages and other inflammatory cells are recruited to tissue injury sites where they promote changes in the microenvironment. Among the inflammatory cell types, only macrophages have both pro-inflammatory(M1) and anti-inflammatory(M2) actions, and M2 macrophages have four subtypes. The co-action of M1 and M2 subtypes can create a favorable microenvironment, releasing cytokines for damaged tissue repair. In this review, we discuss the activation of macrophages and their roles in severe peripheral nerve injury. We also describe the therapeutic potential of macrophages in nerve tissue engineering treatment and highlight approaches for enhancing M2 cell-mediated nerve repair and regeneration.     

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation and neuronal death after ischemic stroke

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX) is a multisubunit enzyme complex that utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to produce superoxide anions and other reactive oxygen species. Under normal circumstances, reactive oxygen species mediate a number of important cellular functions, including the facilitation of adaptive immunity. In pathogenic circumstances, however,excess reactive oxygen species generated by NOX promotes apoptotic cell death. In ischemic stroke, in particular, it has been shown that both NOX activation and derangements in glucose metabolism result in increased apoptosis. Moreover, recent studies have established that glucose, as a NOX substrate, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury. Thus, NOX inhibition has the potential to mitigate the deleterious impact of hyperglycemia on stroke. In this paper, we provide an overview of this research,coupled with a discussion of its implications for the development of NOX inhibition as a strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Both inhibition using apocynin, as well as the prospect of developing more specific inhibitors based on what is now understood of the biology of NOX assembly and activation, will be highlighted in the course of our discussion.     

吲哚菁绿荧光成像技术在甲状腺外科的应用进展

目前，在甲状腺外科手术中困扰临床医生的主要难题仍然是手术范围的选择和术后甲状旁腺功能减退症的发生。而吲哚菁绿作为一种近红外荧光成像剂，利用其实时荧光成像技术可显示组织器官血流灌注情况，进行区域淋巴结显影，精准定位病灶范围，在外科手术中优势显著，已广泛应用于眼科、乳腺外科等临床科室。近年来在甲状腺外科也开展了相关的基础和临床研究，本文复习相关文献，就吲哚菁绿在甲状腺手术中的应用进展作一综述。